European countries suspect that Russia is using vessels from its so-called “shadow fleet” to launch surveillance drones against strategic targets across the continent.
The assessment is part of a report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), which points to indications that ships used to circumvent economic sanctions may also be employed in espionage and reconnaissance operations.
According to the study, several incidents recorded between 2024 and 2026 show a correlation between the presence of these vessels and drone flights near military bases, industrial facilities, nuclear power plants, and other critical infrastructure in NATO countries. In total, 144 suspicious drone sightings were cataloged across several European countries.
The hypothesis is that oil tankers and other vessels from the so-called “shadow fleet” are serving as mobile platforms for launching drones, allowing Russia to conduct intelligence missions and test European air defenses without directly relying on conventional military assets.
Although the report states that there is still no definitive proof that the drones were launched from these ships, the authors consider the circumstantial evidence to be consistent with the pattern of hybrid operations adopted by Moscow.
The revelations have increased concern among European governments, which have been strengthening measures to counter drone threats and intensifying monitoring of Russia’s shadow fleet.
In recent months, the European Union has expanded sanctions against these vessels, which are mainly used to transport Russian oil in violation of international restrictions.
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Photos: iiss.org | Royal Navy. This content was created with the help of AI and reviewed by the editorial team.
